Recent Middle East tensions have led to a surge in Google searches for “WWIII” and “US draft age limit,” reflecting increased public concern about a possible military draft. Although the U.S. currently has an all-volunteer military, federal law allows for conscription to be reinstated during a national emergency.
A recent survey shows many Americans expect major wars in the next decade. Since the draft ended in 1973, most Americans are unfamiliar with the process, but about 16.4 million men aged 18 to 25 are registered with the Selective Service System, which would be used to call up draftees.
Men, including citizens, permanent residents, refugees, and even some transgender individuals assigned male at birth, are required to register by age 18. Failure to register can lead to serious legal penalties, including fines, jail time, and loss of benefits like student aid and government jobs.
If activated, the draft would require approval from both the President and Congress, and a lottery system would randomly select birth dates to determine the order of call-ups, starting with 20-year-olds. Inductees would undergo medical and psychological evaluations, with deferments available for students, family caregivers, or those with health issues.
Conscientious objectors might be assigned to non-combat roles or civilian service. Many draftees historically serve in support positions like administration or logistics rather than combat roles.
While the military is currently voluntary, the Selective Service registration remains mandatory, and protocols exist for rapid draft activation if needed. However, due to exemptions and deferments, actual numbers drafted would likely be much lower than the total registered.